In Gaza, a makeshift wagon hitched to a run-down car carries a dozen people along a muddy, destroyed road flanked by mounds of debris.

Some residents pedal battered bicycles.

Others cram into tuk-tuks — small three-wheeled motorized rickshaws commonly used across the Middle East — or cling to the back of pickup trucks.

“It’s a transportation crisis. It takes us a long time to get to work,” said one resident, Mohammad Khatib.

Women clutch their babies as they climb onto donkey-drawn carts.

A dump filled with the charred and twisted remains of cars and buses stretches into the distance.

Two years of bombardment have destroyed roads, vehicles and key fuel infrastructure, leaving Gaza’s transportation network near collapse.

With most of the pre-war transportation system wiped out, and no new vehicles allowed into the Strip, many areas are reachable only by improvised transport.

“It is a struggle we are enduring. I have back issues and they get worse when I ride a tuk-tuk,” said Um Mohammad Hamouda, a displaced woman sitting in a tuk-tuk with two others.

Fuel shortages remain one of the biggest constraints.

In a report published in October, the United Nations Office for Project Services warned that deliveries into Gaza remain “far below the minimum required” to power hospitals, water systems and basic civilian movement.

“Transportation used to be easier, especially for women, as we used to ride in cars,” said Abeer Al-Nakla, a displaced woman from northern Gaza.

“We have to walk more because public transportation is scarce. We only have carts, and even those are difficult to find," she said.