OTTAWA—Mark Carney’s minority Liberals survived a second budget-related confidence vote on Friday, the day after easily defeating an earlier Conservative attempt to reject the budget as the Pierre Poilievre-led party grappled with another looming caucus departure from their ranks.

The House of Commons voted 307 to 30 to defeat a Bloc Québécois motion that called on MPs to reject a Liberal budget the separatist party says will “hurt Quebec” because it fails to increase federal health transfers to provinces, raise pension benefits for seniors aged 65 to 75, to “repay the $814 million” Quebecers are owed after scrapping the consumer carbon price, and to propose more robust climate change measures.

A third definitive test for the Liberal government will come on Nov. 17 when the Commons w

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